: Sphagnum moss or a mesh screen keeps the soil from falling into the drainage layer. Substrate
Select small, slow-growing plants that thrive in high humidity and indirect light: The Biosphere Bottle - Thicket of Diversity Bottle Biosphere Guide
Fill ¾ full with pond water (or dechlorinated tap water + pinch of aquarium salt). : Sphagnum moss or a mesh screen keeps
During daylight hours, plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. At night, they do the opposite—absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Beneficial bacteria and microorganisms in the soil also contribute to this gaseous exchange, creating a balanced atmosphere inside the bottle. Bottle Biosphere Guide
Selecting the right components prevents rot and ensures long-term ecosystem stability. The Container